Match List I with List II LIST ILIST IIA.Formal thought DisorderI.No…

Match List I with List II

LIST I		LIST II
A.	Formal thought Disorder	I.	No emotions at all
B.	Alogia	II.	Poverty of speech
C.	Flat affect	III.	Inability to start or complete a course of action
D.	Avolition	IV.	Loosening of associations

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 2

The correct answer is Option (2) → A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

(A) Formal thought Disorder — this matches (IV) Loosening of associations. Formal thought disorders make communication very difficult; one of them is rapidly shifting from one topic to another, so that the normal structure of thinking becomes muddled and illogical.

(B) Alogia — this matches (II) Poverty of speech. Alogia is a reduction in speech and speech content, one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

(C) Flat affect — this matches (I) No emotions at all. Some patients show less emotion than others (blunted affect); some show no emotions at all, which is flat affect.

(D) Avolition — this matches (III) Inability to start or complete a course of action. Avolition is apathy and an inability to start or complete a course of action.

NCERT (2025-26): “Symptoms of Schizophrenia … People with schizophrenia may not be able to think logically and may speak in peculiar ways. These formal thought disorders can make communication extremely difficult. These include rapidly shifting from one topic to another so that the normal structure of thinking is muddled and becomes illogical (loosening of associations, derailment), inventing new words or phrases (neologisms), and persistent and inappropriate repetition of the same thoughts (perseveration).…”

“Symptoms of Schizophrenia … Negative symptoms are ‘pathological deficits’ and include poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal. People with schizophrenia show alogia or poverty of speech, i.e. a reduction in speech and speech content. Many people with schizophrenia show less anger, sadness, joy, and other feelings than most people do. Thus they have blunted affect. Some show no emotions at all, a condition known as flat affect. Also patients with schizophrenia experience avolition, or apathy and an inability to start or complete a course of action.…”