The process by which the rural population adopts the way of life and the nature of work of the urban people is called?

Urbanisation

The correct answer is Option (2) → Urbanisation

Urbanisation refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas and the resulting changes in social and economic life. It involves adopting urban ways of life, including work patterns, consumption habits, and social norms.

Here's why the other options are not quite on point:

• Sanskritisation: This is a specific concept in Indian sociology that refers to the process of a lower caste adopting the customs and practices of upper castes to move up the social hierarchy. It doesn't necessarily involve adopting urban characteristics.
• Westernisation: This refers to the adoption of Western cultural elements, which can overlap with urbanization in some aspects, but it's not exclusive to urban life. There can be Westernized rural areas as well.
• Industrialisation: While industrialisation is often linked with urbanisation because factories are typically located in cities, it doesn't encompass the broader shift in lifestyle and work nature that urbanisation entails.