What is the name of the force with which earth pulls everything towards itself?

Gravity

The correct answer is option 3. Gravity.

Gravity is a fundamental force of nature that causes objects with mass to be attracted to each other. It is one of the four fundamental forces in the universe, along with electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force.

Gravity is the force that pulls objects with mass towards each other. The greater the mass of an object, the stronger its gravitational pull. For example, the Earth has a large mass, so it exerts a significant gravitational force, keeping objects on its surface and influencing the motion of celestial bodies like the Moon and satellites.

According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Mathematically, this is expressed as \(F = \frac{G × (m_1 × m_2)}{r^2}\), where F is the gravitational force, \(G\) is the gravitational constant, \(m_1\) and \(m_2\) are the masses of the objects, and \(r\) is the distance between their centers.

Gravity is a universal force, meaning it acts between all objects with mass in the universe. It is responsible for holding celestial bodies like planets, stars, and galaxies together. For example, the gravitational force between the Sun and the planets keeps them in orbit around the Sun.

Near the surface of the Earth, all objects experience a gravitational acceleration directed towards the center of the Earth. This acceleration is approximately 9.8 meters per second squared \((ms^{-2})\) and is denoted by the symbol "\(g\)." It represents the rate at which the velocity of an object changes due to the gravitational force.

Gravity plays a crucial role in astrophysics and cosmology, influencing the formation, structure, and evolution of galaxies, stars, and the universe as a whole. It also affects phenomena like black holes, gravitational waves, and the expansion of the universe.

In summary, gravity is the force of attraction between objects with mass, responsible for keeping objects on the surface of the Earth, maintaining the orbits of celestial bodies, and shaping the structure of the universe. It is a fundamental force that governs the motion of objects at both macroscopic and cosmic scales.