The correct answer is option 3. To both - strong and weak electrolytes.
The Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions is a principle in electrolyte conductivity that was developed by German chemist Fritz Kohlrausch. This law is also known as Kohlrausch's Law or the Law of Independent Migration of Ions. The law states that the molar conductivity (\(\Lambda_m\)) of an electrolyte at infinite dilution is the sum of the ionic contributions of its individual ions.
Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
\[\Lambda_m = \lambda_+ + \lambda_-\]
where:
\(\Lambda_m\) is the molar conductivity of the electrolyte at infinite dilution,
\(\lambda_+\) is the molar conductivity of the cation,
\(\lambda_-\) is the molar conductivity of the anion.
This law is based on the assumption that ions in solution move independently of each other, regardless of the presence of other ions. The conductivity of an electrolyte solution depends on the mobility of its ions. The molar conductivity is a measure of the ability of an electrolyte to conduct electricity.
Kohlrausch's law is particularly useful in studying the conductance of weak electrolytes. For a weak electrolyte, it does not fully dissociate into ions in solution, and Kohlrausch's law allows us to estimate the degree of dissociation.
For a strong electrolyte, which ionizes completely in solution, the molar conductivity at infinite dilution is equivalent to the sum of the molar conductivities of its individual ions. For example, for the strong electrolyte \(AB\) dissociating into \(A^+\) and \(B^-\), the molar conductivity at infinite dilution would be:
\[\Lambda_{m,AB} = \lambda_{A^+} + \lambda_{B^-}\]
This law has been experimentally verified for a wide range of electrolytes, both strong and weak. It provides a valuable framework for understanding the behavior of electrolytes in solution and helps in the interpretation of experimental data related to conductivity and electrolyte properties. |
