A movement that is aimed at bringing change in the personal consciousness and actions of individual members is called:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Redemptive social movement
Option (1) Reformist social movement — Incorrect. A reformist movement strives to change the existing social and political arrangements through gradual, incremental steps, such as the 1960s movement for reorganising states on the basis of language and the Right to Information campaign. Its target is the system, not the individual’s consciousness.
Option (2) Revolutionary social movement — Incorrect. A revolutionary movement attempts to radically transform social relations, often by capturing state power, as in the Bolshevik revolution in Russia or the Naxalite movement in India.
Option (3) Historical social movement — Incorrect. There is no such type. Social movements are classified into three kinds only: redemptive, reformist and revolutionary.
Option (4) Redemptive social movement — Correct. A redemptive or transformatory movement aims to bring about a change in the personal consciousness and actions of its individual members. The Ezhava community in Kerala, led by Narayana Guru to change their social practices, is the example.
NCERT (2025-26): “8.3 Types of Social Movements … There are different kinds of social movements. They can be classified as: (i) redemptive or transformatory; (ii) reformist; and (iii) revolutionary. A redemptive social movement aims to bring about a change in the personal consciousness and actions of its individual members. For instance, people in the Ezhava community in Kerala were led by Narayana Guru to change their social practices. Reformist social movements strive to change the existing social and political arrangements through gradual, incremental steps. The 1960s movement for the reorganisation of Indian states on the basis of language and the recent Right to Information campaign are examples of reformist movements. Revolutionary social movements attempt to radically transform social relations, often by capturing state power. The Bolshevik revolution in Russia that deposed the Tsar to create a communist state and the Naxalite movement in India that seeks to remove oppressive landlords and state officials can be described as revolutionary movements.…” |