Match List - I with List - II.
| List - I | List - II | ||
| (A) | Secondary group | (I) | 'We' feeling, supposed to be similar are viewed favourably |
| (B) | In-group | (II) | Pre existing formation, boundaries are less permeable |
| (C) | Primary group | (III) | Functions are explicitly stated, based on specific rules |
| (D) | Formal group | (IV) | Joins by choice, easy to leave |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)
(A) Secondary group — this matches (IV) Joins by choice, easy to leave. Secondary groups are those which the individual joins by choice, such as a political party; it is easy to leave them and join another group.
(B) In-group — this matches (I) ‘We’ feeling, supposed to be similar are viewed favourably. The ingroup is one’s own group, for whose members we use the word ‘we’; they are generally supposed to be similar, are viewed favourably and have desirable traits.
(C) Primary group — this matches (II) Pre existing formation, boundaries are less permeable. Primary groups such as family, caste and religion are pre-existing formations usually given to the individual; their boundaries are less permeable, as members do not have the option to choose their membership.
(D) Formal group — this matches (III) Functions are explicitly stated, based on specific rules. The functions of a formal group are explicitly stated, as in an office organisation, and its formation is based on some specific rules or laws, with definite roles for members.
NCERT (2025-26): “Primary and Secondary Groups … A major difference between primary and secondary groups is that primary groups are pre-existing formations which are usually given to the individual whereas secondary groups are those which the individual joins by choice. Thus, family, caste, and religion are primary groups whereas membership of a political party is an example of a secondary group. In a primary group, there is a face-to-face interaction, members have close physical proximity, and they share warm emotional bonds. Primary groups are central to individual’s functioning and have a very major role in developing values and ideals of the individual during the early stages of development. In contrast, secondary groups are those where relationships among members are more impersonal, indirect, and less frequent. In the primary group, boundaries are less permeable, i.e. members do not have the option to choose its membership as compared to secondary groups where it is easy to leave and join another group.…” “Formal and Informal Groups … These groups differ in the degree to which the functions of the group are stated explicitly and formally. The functions of a formal group are explicitly stated as in the case of an office organisation. The roles to be performed by group members are stated in an explicit manner. The formal and informal groups differ on the basis of structure. The formation of formal groups is based on some specific rules or laws and members have definite roles.…” “Ingroup and Outgroup … The term ‘ingroup’ refers to one’s own group, and ‘outgroup’ refers to another group. For ingroup members, we use the word ‘we’ while for outgroup members, the word ‘they’ is used. By using the words they and we, one is categorising people as similar or different. It has been found that persons in the ingroup are generally supposed to be similar, are viewed favourably, and have desirable traits.…” |