When religious identity overrides everything else it leads to_____.

Communalism

The correct answer is Option 3: Communalism

Option 1: Harmony — Incorrect. Harmony refers to peaceful coexistence among different communities. When religious identity overrides all other identities, it leads to conflict rather than harmony.

Option 2: Communalism — Correct. One of the defining features of communalism is the belief that religious identity overrides everything else. It treats religion as the primary identity, irrespective of a person's occupation, caste, class or political beliefs, and views all members of a religion as one homogeneous group.

Option 3: Secularism — Incorrect. Secularism promotes equal respect for all religions and does not give primacy to any one religious identity.

Option 4: Communism — Incorrect. Communism is a political and economic ideology and is unrelated to the idea that religious identity overrides all other identities. 

NCERt: One of the characteristic features of communalism is its claim that religious identity overrides everything else. Whether one is poor or rich, whatever one’s occupation, caste or political beliefs, it is religion alone that counts. All Hindus are the same as are all Muslims, Sikhs and so on. This has the effect of constructing large and diverse groups as singular and homogenous. It is noteworthy that this is done for one’s own group as well as for others. This would obviously rule out the possibility that Hindus, Muslims and Christians who belong to Kerala, for example, may have as much or more in common with each other than with their co-religionists from Kashmir, Gujarat or Nagaland. It also denies the possibility that, for instance, landless agricultural labourers (or industrialists) may have a lot in common even if they belong to different religions and regions.