Read the passage and answer following questions.
Local commentary increasingly contrasts the sampurna (wholeness) of the organic produce with that of the hybrid produce. An elderly woman Bhargawa Hugar, in the village of Madbhavi, said: What.... they used to grow some wheat, red sorghum.... plant a few tubers, chilli plants... cotton. Now there's only hibrad (hybrid) ... where's the javari (organic/ local)? Hybrid seeds... hybrid crops.. even the children are hybrid. Hybrid seeds are sown on the earth... the children born are also hybrid.
Which among these is not an outcome of Green Revolution?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Empowerment of agriculture labour
Option (1) Shift from payments in kind to payments in cash — An outcome (Incorrect). In the regions that went through the Green Revolution, agricultural workers who were once paid in grain began to be paid in cash. With rising prices, this shift in fact worsened the economic condition of most rural workers.
Option (2) Rise of free wage labourers — An outcome (Incorrect). As old ties between landowners and workers weakened, workers came to be hired and paid by the day or by the task. This led to the rise of a class of ‘free’ wage labourers.
Option (3) Empowerment of agriculture labour — Not an outcome (Correct). The Green Revolution led to ‘differentiation’: the rich grew richer and many of the poor stagnated or grew poorer. Employment and wages did rise in some areas, but rising prices and payment in cash worsened the condition of most rural workers, and tenants were displaced. Agricultural labour was not empowered.
Option (4) Loosening of ‘Traditional Bonds’ — An outcome (Incorrect). Hereditary relationships between landowners and agricultural workers, such as bonded labour, loosened as farming became commercial and workers were paid in cash.
NCERT (2025-26): “4.3 The Green Revolution and its Social Consequences … The ultimate outcome of the Green Revolution was a process of ‘differentiation’, in which the rich grew richer and many of the poor stagnated or grew poorer. It should be noted that employment and wages for agricultural workers did increase in many areas, because the demand for labour increased. Moreover, rising prices and a shift in the mode of payment of agricultural workers from payment in kind (grain) to cash, actually worsened the economic condition of most rural workers.…” “4.4 Transformations in Rural Society after Independence … Several profound transformations in the nature of social relations in rural areas took place in the post-Independence period, especially in those regions that underwent the Green Revolution. These included:
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