The states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha have very low on Human D…

The correct answer is Option (4) → Low level of literacy and lack of health and medical facilities

The Human Development Index measures how a state does in health, education and access to resources. A state ranks low when its people are poorly educated, unhealthy and poor.

Option (1) Migration of work force — Incorrect. The HDI does not measure the movement of workers. It measures health, education and access to resources.

Option (2) Agricultural diversity — Incorrect. Growing many kinds of crops is a feature of farming, not a measure of human development.

Option (3) High birth rates — Incorrect. The birth rate is not one of the three areas the HDI measures.

Option (4) Low level of literacy and lack of health and medical facilities — Correct. Education and health are two of the three areas of the HDI. Bihar and Odisha have very low literacy, so they stand at the bottom.

Note 1: This question is taken from the pre-rationalised NCERT book. The latest edition (2026-27) does not have this part. An extract of the pre-rationalised NCERT book is given below for the benefit of students.

Note 2: The given answer is as per the official NTA Answer Key. The book does not say in clear words that these states lack health and medical facilities. It gives very low literacy and a low level of economic development as the reasons why states like Bihar, Odisha and Chhattisgarh have a low HDI.