Which Indian herbal medicines have been targeted for patenting?

The correct answer is Option (2) → Turmeric and Neem

Patents give the holder the right to stop others from using an invention commercially. Many such attempts have been made on India’s traditional knowledge. Besides the patent on Basmati rice, there have been attempts to patent uses, products and processes based on Indian herbal medicines such as turmeric and neem. If such claims are not countered, others may profit from India’s own legacy.

NCERT Extract:
Ethical Issues – “… Several attempts have also been made to patent uses, products and processes based on Indian traditional herbal medicines, e.g., turmeric neem. If we are not vigilant and we do not immediately counter these patent applications, other countries/individuals may encash on our rich legacy and we may not be able to do anything about it.”