Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion and the other is labelled as Reason:

Assertion: Nations identify with a particular territory. 
Reason: The aspiration for a homeland has brought peace and reduced all the conflicts in the world.

The Assertion is correct but the Reason is incorrect.

The correct answer is Option 4 - The Assertion is correct but the Reason is incorrect.

Assertion: Nations identify with a particular territory. 
Reason: The aspiration for a homeland has brought peace and reduced all the conflicts in the world.

Correction in Reason: The aspiration for a homeland has been a major cause of conflict in the world.

Nations identify with a particular territory (Assertion). Sharing a common past and living together on a particular territory over a long period of time gives people a sense of their collective identity. It helps them to imagine themselves as one people. It is therefore not surprising that people who see themselves as a nation speak of a homeland. The territory they occupied and the land on which they have lived has a special significance for them, and they claim it as their own. Nations however characterise the homeland in different ways, for instance as motherland, or fatherland, or holy land. The Jewish people for instance, in spite of being dispersed and scattered in different parts of the world always claimed that their original homeland was in Palestine, the ‘promised land’. The Indian nation identifies with the rivers, mountains and regions of the Indian subcontinent. However, since more than one set of people may lay claim to the same territory, the aspiration for a homeland has been a major cause of conflict in the world (Correct version of REASON).