Which of the following is a special name used for petroleum?

Black gold

The correct answer is option 3. Black gold.

The term "Black gold" is a special and metaphorical name used to describe petroleum or crude oil. This term reflects the economic significance and value of petroleum due to its widespread use as a source of energy and raw material for various industries. Here's an explanation of why petroleum is often referred to as "Black gold":

1. Color and Appearance:

Petroleum, in its unrefined state, is a dark, viscous liquid with a black or dark brown color. The term "Black gold" is derived from the characteristic color of crude oil.

2. Economic Value:

The use of petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and various petrochemicals, is crucial for the global economy. Petroleum is a highly sought-after commodity, and its extraction, refining, and distribution contribute significantly to national and global economies.

3. Versatility and Importance:

Petroleum serves as a versatile source of energy for transportation, heating, and electricity generation. It is also a feedstock for the production of a wide range of products, including plastics, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, and various industrial chemicals.

4. Global Impact:

Nations with significant petroleum reserves often experience economic booms and play major roles in the global energy market. The term "Black gold" highlights the geopolitical and economic influence associated with petroleum-producing regions.

While the term "Black gold" emphasizes the economic value of petroleum, it's important to note that the environmental impact and the need for sustainable energy alternatives have led to ongoing efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.