Match List-I with List-II
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| Terms | Relations/Features |
| (A) Homologous organs | (I) Mutation caused speciation |
| (B) Analogous organs | (II) Retrogressive evolution |
| (C) Vestigial organs | (III) Convergent evolution |
| (D) Saltation | (IV) Divergent evolution |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(A) Homologous organs — this matches (IV) Divergent evolution. One basic structure from a common ancestor changes along different directions for different needs, like the forelimbs of whales, bats and humans.
(B) Analogous organs — this matches (III) Convergent evolution. Different structures evolve for the same function, like the wings of birds and butterflies.
(C) Vestigial organs — this matches (II) Retrogressive evolution. They are organs that have become reduced and lost their use over evolution, such as the human appendix; the change runs backwards.
(D) Saltation — this matches (I) Mutation caused speciation. De Vries called single-step large mutations saltation, and held that they cause speciation.