Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): Accurate cause and effect relationships may be difficult to establish in the principles of management.
Reason (R): The principles of management tell us what would be the likely effect if a particular principle was applied in a particular situation.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Assertion (A): Accurate cause and effect relationships may be difficult to establish in the principles of management. — True. The principles try to link a cause with its effect, but an accurate link is hard to fix in management.
Reason (R): The principles of management tell us what would be the likely effect if a particular principle was applied in a particular situation. — True. The principles set up cause and effect relationships, so they tell a manager the likely effect of using a principle in a given situation.
Why R does not explain A?
A is about why the link cannot be made accurate. R only says what the principles do: they predict a likely effect. Predicting an effect is the job of any cause and effect principle, and it gives no reason why the prediction cannot be exact.
The correct reason for A is that the principles mainly apply to human behaviour, and in real life situations are not identical. Because people act differently in different situations, the same cause does not always give the same effect.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “(vi) Cause and effect relationships: The principles of management are intended to establish relationship between cause and effect so that they can be used in similar situations in a large number of cases. As such, they tell us if a particular principle was applied in a particular situation, what would be its likely effect. The principles of management are less than perfect since they mainly apply to human behaviour. In real life, situations are not identical. So, accurate cause and effect relationships may be difficult to establish. …” |