Match List-I with List-II. List-I List-II (A) Saltation (I) Darwin (B…

The correct answer is Option (1) → A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

(A) Saltation — this matches (III) de Vries. Hugo de Vries believed that evolution is caused by mutation, a large change arising suddenly, and not by the small variations Darwin spoke of. He called this single-step large mutation saltation.

(B) Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution — this matches (IV) Oparin and Haldane. They proposed that the first life came from pre-existing non-living organic molecules, formed from inorganic constituents by chemical evolution.

(C) Reproductive fitness — this matches (I) Darwin. For Darwin, fitness means leaving more progeny. The better-fit individuals reproduce more and are selected by nature.

(D) Life comes from pre-existing life — this matches (II) Louis Pasteur. His experiments with killed yeast in pre-sterilised flasks showed that life does not arise from non-living matter, and the theory of spontaneous generation was dismissed.

NCERT Extract:
Mechanism of Evolution – “… Evolution for Darwin was gradual while deVries believed mutation caused speciation and hence called it saltation (single step large mutation).”
Origin of Life – “… Louis Pasteur by careful experimentation demonstrated that life comes only from pre-existing life. … Oparin of Russia and Haldane of England proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) and that formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents.”
Evolution of Life Forms – A Theory – “… The fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness. Hence, those who are better fit in an environment, leave more progeny than others.”