Identify the characteristics of the New Farmer's movement that began in the 1970s in Punjab and Tamil Nadu.

(A) Movements were regionally organised.
(B) Movements were organised by communist leaders.
(C) Movements involved farmers rather than peasants.
(D) Basic ideology of the movement was strongly anti-state and anti-urban.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (C) and (D) only

The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (C) and (D) only

(B) Movements were organised by communist leaders. This is false.

"The so called ‘new farmer’s movements began in the 1970s in Punjab and Tamil Nadu. These movements were regionally organised, were non-party, and involved farmers rather than peasants. (farmers are said to be market-involved as both commodity producers and purchasers) The basic ideology of the movement was strongly anti-state and anti-urban. The focus of demand were ‘price and related issues’ (for example price procurement, remunerative prices, prices for agricultural inputs, taxation, non-repayment of loans). Novel methods of agitation were used: blocking of roads and railways, refusing politicians and bureaucrats entry to villages, and so on. It has been argued that the farmers’ movements have broadened their agenda and ideology and include environment and women’s issues. Therefore, they can be seen as a part of the worldwide ‘new social movements’."