According to cumulative evidence – both epigraphic and textual what was the cause of the social differences between men and women in ancient India?

Differences in access to resources.

The correct answer is Option 3 - Differences in access to resources.

However, cumulative evidence – both epigraphic and textual – suggests that while upper-class women may have had access to resources, land, cattle and money were generally controlled by men. In other words, social differences between men and women were sharpened because of the differences in access to resources.