Arrange the following in chronological order of their formation:
(A) The Energy Conservation Act
(B) COP - 21
(C) Earth Summit
(D) The Electricity Act
(E) Kyoto Protocol
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) (C), (E), (A), (D), (B)
(2) (B), (A), (C), (D), (E)
(3) (A), (B), (D), (E), (C)
(4) (C), (E), (B), (D), (A)

1

The Energy Conservation Act: The Energy Conservation Act was enacted in India in 2001.
COP - 21: COP - 21, also known as the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, took place in December 2015.
Earth Summit: The Earth Summit, also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
The Electricity Act: The Electricity Act, which is a significant piece of legislation in India, was enacted in 2003.
Kyoto Protocol: The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 2005.

Therefore, the correct sequence is: (C), (E), (A), (D), (B)

The Indian government is already participating in global efforts through a number of programmes. For example, India’s National Auto-fuel Policy mandates cleaner fuels for vehicles. The Energy Conservation Act, passed in 2001, outlines initiatives to improve energy efficiency. Similarly, the Electricity Act of 2003 encourages the use of renewable energy. Recent trends in importing natural gas and encouraging the adoption of clean coal technologies show that India has been making real efforts. The government is also keen to launch a National Mission on Biodiesel, using about 11 million hectares of land to produce biodiesel by 2011–2012. India ratified the Paris Climate Agreement on 2 October 2016. And India has one of the largest renewable energy programmes in the world.

The growing focus on environmental issues within the arena of global politics was firmly consolidated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992. This was also called the Earth Summit.

The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement setting targets for industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions. Certain gases like Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydro- fluoro carbons etc. are considered at least partly responsible for global warming - the rise in global temperature which may have catastrophic consequences for life on Earth. The protocol was agreed to in 1997 in Kyoto in Japan, based on principles set out in UNFCCC.