Arrange the following in chronological order of their formation:
(A) The Energy Conservation Act
(B) COP - 21
(C) Earth Summit
(D) The Electricity Act
(E) Kyoto Protocol
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (C), (E), (A), (D), (B)
(C) Earth Summit — 1992.
(E) Kyoto Protocol — 1997.
(A) The Energy Conservation Act — 2001.
(D) The Electricity Act — 2003.
(B) COP - 21 — 2015.
Note: None of the NCERT books — the pre-rationalised, 2023-24, 2025-26 or 2026-27 edition — names COP-21. It is the UN climate change conference held in Paris in December 2015, at which the Paris Agreement was adopted. The 2023-24, 2025-26 and 2026-27 books say only that India ratified the Paris Climate Agreement on 2 October 2016. Either way, COP-21 comes last in the order.
NCERT (2026-27): “Environmental Concerns in Global Politics … The growing focus on environmental issues within the arena of global politics was firmly consolidated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992. This was also called the Earth Summit.… Common but Differentiated Responsibilities … The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement setting targets for industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions. Certain gases like Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydrofluoro carbons etc. are considered at least partly responsible for global warming - the rise in global temperature which may have catastrophic consequences for life on Earth. The protocol was agreed to in 1997 in Kyoto in Japan, based on principles set out in UNFCCC. India’s Stand on Environmental Issues … The Indian government is already participating in global efforts through a number of programmes. For example, India’s National Auto-fuel Policy mandates cleaner fuels for vehicles. The Energy Conservation Act, passed in 2001, outlines initiatives to improve energy efficiency. Similarly, the Electricity Act of 2003 encourages the use of renewable energy. Recent trends in importing natural gas and encouraging the adoption of clean coal technologies show that India has been making real efforts. The government is also keen to launch a National Mission on Biodiesel, using about 11 million hectares of land to produce biodiesel by 2011–2012. India ratified the Paris Climate Agreement on 2 October 2016.…” |