Read the passage and answer the questions:
Agrarian Society and Irrigation of the Mughal Empire
The greater part of Hindustan country is situated on level land. Many though it has towns and cultivated lands, it nowhere has running waters. For water is not at all a necessity in cultivating crops and orchards. Autumn crops grow by the downpour of the rains themselves; and strange it is that spring crops grow even when no rains fall. However to young trees water is made to flow by means of buckets or wheels....In Lahore, Dipalpur both in present-day Pakistan, and those other parts, people water by means of a wheel. They make two circles of rope long enough to suit the depths of a well, fix strips of wood between them, and on these fasten pitchers. The ropes with the wood and attached pitchers are put over the wheel well. In Agra, Chandwar, Bayana all in present-day Uttar Pradesh, and those parts again, people water with a bucket. At the well-edge they set-up a fork of wood, having a roller adjusted between the forks, tie a rope to large bucket, put the rope over a roller, and tie its other end to the bullock. One person must drive the bullock, another empty the bucket.
As per the passage, identify the textual source of the above excerpt?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Babur Nama
The passage is in the first person: the writer has seen the plains of Hindustan and the ways people water their crops in Lahore, Dipalpur, Agra and Bayana. It is an excerpt from the Babur Nama, the memoirs of Babur, the first Mughal emperor, describing the irrigation devices he observed in northern India.
Note: This passage is Babur’s account as given in the NCERT chapter ‘Peasants, Zamindars and the State’, with some of its words left out. All five questions of this set come from one source box of the chapter. Give the source boxes the same careful reading as the main text.
NCERT: Themes in Indian History Part II — Chapter 8: Peasants, Zamindars and the State (2025-26)
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