The term 'Askaryan effect' is associated with which functional area of science?

Physics

The correct answer is option 1. Physics.

The term 'Askaryan effect' is associated with the functional area of Physics.

The Askaryan effect is a phenomenon in physics that occurs when high-energy particles, such as neutrinos or cosmic rays, interact with a dense medium, such as ice or salt, producing a cascade of secondary particles. These secondary particles generate coherent radio waves that can be detected by radio antennas, providing a means to detect and study high-energy neutrinos and cosmic rays. This effect has applications in astrophysics and particle physics research.