Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given that below:

COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS ON INDIA, CHINA AND PAKISTAN

India, China and Pakistan have travelled more than seven decades of developmental path with varied results. Till the late 1970s, all of them were maintaining the same level of low development. The last three decades have taken these countries to different levels. India, with democratic institutions, performed moderately, but majority of its people still depend on agriculture. India has taken many initiatives to develop the infrastructure and improve the standard of living. Scholars are of the opinion that political instability, over-dependence on remittances and foreign aid along with volatile performance of agriculture sector are the reasons for the slowdown of the Pakistan economy. Yet, last five years, many macroeconomic indicators began showing positive and moderate growth rates reflecting the economic recovery. In China, the lack of political freedom and its implications for human rights are major concerns; yet, in the last four decades, it used the 'market system without losing political commitment' and succeeded in raising the level of growth alongwith alleviation of poverty.

Till 1970s, all the three economies were maintaining similar growth rate. What led to an accelerated development in China after that?

Economic reforms in China

The correct answer is Option (3) → Economic reforms in China

Till the late 1970s, India, China, and Pakistan were at similar levels of low development. However, China's development accelerated significantly after it implemented economic reforms in the late 1970s. These reforms introduced market-oriented policies while maintaining political control, allowing China to achieve rapid economic growth and alleviate poverty. The other options, such as the Great Leap Forward and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, were earlier initiatives that led to setbacks and disruptions in China's economy. The One Child Policy, implemented in the late 1970s, was a population control measure and did not directly contribute to the economic reforms driving growth.