Identify the electromagnetic waves as per their following use/ applications.
(A) \( \lambda_1 \) is used to produce heating effect
(B) \( \lambda_2 \) is used in satellite communication
(C) \( \lambda_3 \) is absorbed by the ozone layer
(D) \( \lambda_4 \) is used for studying crystal structure
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A) Infrared, (B) Microwave, (C) Ultraviolet, (D) X-rays
Each use depends on the wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(A) \( \lambda_1 \) is used to produce heating effect — Infrared. Infrared waves readily excite the vibrations of molecules, which raises the internal energy, so they are called heat waves.
(B) \( \lambda_2 \) is used in satellite communication — Microwave. Short microwaves pass through the ionosphere, so they carry signals to and from satellites.
(C) \( \lambda_3 \) is absorbed by the ozone layer — Ultraviolet. The ozone layer absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.
(D) \( \lambda_4 \) is used for studying crystal structure — X-rays. Their wavelength is comparable to the spacing of atoms in a crystal, so crystals diffract them.