Read the following passage and answer the question.

In Tata Steel several initiatives have been taken to further improve the motivation levels and participation in the decision making process of the officers, greater impetus to training through a formalised system of a personal development programme, talent review and job rotation systems, compensation linked to the performance management system, formal rewards and recognition systems, knowledge management systems linked with appraisals, leadership opportunities in quality circles, continuous improvement and value engineering programmes and an extremely transparent and credible multi-path communication system to address queries and concerns of all employees through various dialogues both formal and online, with such tools as video conferencing, ‘MD Online’, special dialogues with senior management, meetings, conferences and seminars. These initiatives have helped to build a homogeneous and focused team in Tata Steel, increasing motivation and binding to the vision of the company and spurred employees to deliver targets on a participatory management basis leading to ownership of processes.

Which of the following is NOT true in regards to the element of directing that is being talked about in the above paragraph?

1. It is a feeling created by the external factors. The urge, drives, desires, aspirations, striving or needs of human being, which are internal, influence human behaviour.
2. It produces goal directed behaviour. For example, the promotion in the job may be given to employee with the objective of improving his performance.
3. It is always positive in nature. Results included increased efficiency of the employee.
4. It is a simple process as the individuals are homogenous in their expectations, perceptions and reactions.

1, 3 and 4 

The correct answer is option 3- 1, 3 and 4.

1) It is a feeling created by the external factors. The urge, drives, desires, aspirations, striving or needs of human being, which are internal, influence human behaviour- THIS IS NOT TRUE. Motivation is an internal feeling. The urge, drives, desires, aspirations, striving or needs of human being, which are internal, influence human behaviour.

3) It is always positive in nature. Results included increased efficiency of the employee- THIS IS NOT TRUE. Motivation can be either positive or negative. Positive motivation provides positive rewards like increase in pay, promotion, recognition etc., Negative motivation uses negative means like punishment, stopping increments, threatening etc.

4) It is a simple process as the individuals are homogenous in their expectations, perceptions and reactions- THIS IS NOT TRUE. Motivation is a complex process as the individuals are heterogeneous in their expectations, perceptions and reactions.