Which of the following diseases is cured using colloidal antimony?

Kalaazar

The correct answer is option 3. Kalaazar.

Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a severe parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus. It primarily affects internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, leading to symptoms such as fever, weight loss, enlarged spleen and liver, and anemia. If left untreated, kala-azar can be fatal.

Colloidal antimony compounds, such as sodium stibogluconate, have been used as a key treatment for kala-azar for several decades. These compounds are administered intravenously or intramuscularly and work by targeting the protozoa responsible for the infection. The exact mechanism of action of colloidal antimony against Leishmania parasites is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve interference with the parasites' metabolic processes, leading to their destruction.

Colloidal antimony compounds are effective in killing the parasites and alleviating the symptoms of kala-azar. However, they may have side effects and require careful monitoring during treatment. Common side effects may include gastrointestinal disturbances, muscle and joint pain, and liver toxicity.

Overall, colloidal antimony has played a crucial role in the treatment of kala-azar, especially in regions where the disease is endemic. It remains an important component of the therapeutic arsenal against visceral leishmaniasis, although alternative treatments such as miltefosine and liposomal amphotericin B are also available and may be preferred in certain cases.