Match the Column1 with Column 2:

1-c,2-d,3-b,4-a

The correct answer is Option (1) –1-c,2-d,3-b,4-a

Here is the explanation for the matching:

Natural selection - (c) Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin is the scientist who proposed the theory of natural selection. Natural selection is the process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation.

Inheritance of acquired characters - (d) Lamarckism

Lamarckism refers to the theory proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. This theory suggests that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to its offspring. For example, if a giraffe stretches its neck to reach higher leaves, its offspring would inherit a longer neck.

Analogous structure - (b) Convergent evolution

Analogy is based on convergent evolution.Wings of butterfly and of birds look alike. They are not anatomically similar structures though they perform similar functions. Hence, analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution - different structures evolving for the same function and hence having similarity. Other examples of analogy are the eye of the octopus and of mammals or the flippers of Penguins and Dolphins.

Homologous structure - (a) Divergent evolution

Homology is based on divergent evolution .Homology indicates common ancestry. They perform different functions but  have similar anatomical structure –examples are vertebrate hearts or brains. In plants also, the thorn and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita represent homology.