Assertion: The Courts have taken an active role after the Emergency in protecting the civil liberties of the individuals.
Reason: The 42nd Amendment, passed during the Emergency has made the courts duty-bound to safeguard civil liberties.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
Reason: This is a response to the inability of the judiciary to protect civil liberties effectively during the emergency. Many civil liberties organizations came up after this experience.