Arrange the following events in the correct order of their occurrence:
A. Thousands killed in Amritsar on Independence Day
B. Tension grew due to the rule of music before the mosque.
C. Pakistan Resolution passed by Muslim League.
D. Riots in Calcutta by people armed with rods and lathis.
E. Meeting between Mahatma Gandhi and Abdul Gaffar Khan in NWFP.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → B, E, C, D, A
(B) Tension grew due to the rule of music before the mosque. — 1920s and early 1930s, when Muslims were angered by “music-before-mosque”, the cow protection movement and the shuddhi efforts of the Arya Samaj.
(E) Meeting between Mahatma Gandhi and Abdul Gaffar Khan in NWFP. — October 1938, when Mahatma Gandhi was in the NWFP with Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the “Frontier Gandhi”.
(C) Pakistan Resolution passed by Muslim League. — 23 March 1940, when the League moved a resolution demanding a measure of autonomy for the Muslim-majority areas.
(D) Riots in Calcutta by people armed with rods and lathis. — August 1946, when rioters armed with iron rods and lathis took to the streets of Calcutta.
(A) Thousands killed in Amritsar on Independence Day — 15 August 1947; Amritsar district became the scene of bloodshed in 1947, the year of independence and Partition.
Note 1: The killings in Amritsar on Independence Day itself are not described in NCERT; the book says that Amritsar district became the scene of bloodshed later in 1947. Since India became independent on 15 August 1947, the latest of the five events, (A) comes last.
Note 2: This question is taken from the chapter ‘Understanding Partition’ which was there in the pre-rationalised NCERT and has been deleted from subsequent editions of NCERT, including the NCERT book (2026-27).
NCERT (Pre-rationalised): “We know that the joy of our country’s independence from colonial rule in 1947 was tarnished by the violence and brutality of Partition.… 3.1 Culminating point of a long history? … During the 1920s and early 1930s tension grew around a number of issues. Muslims were angered by ‘music-before-mosque’, by the cow protection movement, and by the efforts of the Arya Samaj to bring back to the Hindu fold (shuddhi) those who had recently converted to Islam.… 3.3 The ‘Pakistan’ Resolution … The Pakistan demand was formalised gradually. On 23 March 1940, the League moved a resolution demanding a measure of autonomy for the Muslim-majority areas of the subcontinent.… 3.7 Towards Partition … After withdrawing its support to the Cabinet Mission plan, the Muslim League decided on ‘Direct Action’ for winning its Pakistan demand. It announced 16 August 1946 as ‘Direct Action Day’. On this day, riots broke out in Calcutta, lasting several days and leaving several thousand people dead. By March 1947 violence spread to many parts of northern India.… 3.7 Towards Partition … The bloodbath continued for about a year from March 1947 onwards. One main reason for this was the collapse of the institutions of governance. Penderel Moon, an administrator serving in Bahawalpur (in present-day Pakistan) at the time, noted how the police failed to fire even a single shot when arson and killings were taking place in Amritsar in March 1947. Amritsar district became the scene of bloodshed later in the year when there was a complete breakdown of authority in the city.…”
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