Practicing Success
The battle between 'HOE' & 'PLOUGH' refers to: |
East India Company and Jute Cultivators East India Company and Santhals Cultivators and Non-cultivators Paharias and Santhal Settlers |
Paharias and Santhal Settlers |
The correct answer is Option (4) → Paharias and Santhal Settlers The battle between 'HOE' & 'PLOUGH' refers to Paharias and Santhal Settlers. In the 1770s the British embarked on a brutal policy of extermination, hunting the Paharias down and killing them. Then, by the 1780s, Augustus Cleveland, the Collector of Bhagalpur, proposed a policy of pacification. Paharia chiefs were given an annual allowance and made responsible for the proper conduct of their men. They were expected to maintain order in their localities and discipline their own people. Many Paharia chiefs refused the allowances. Those who accepted, most often lost authority within the community. Being in the pay of the colonial government, they came to be perceived as subordinate employees or stipendiary chiefs. By this time in fact there were newer intimations of danger. Santhals were pouring into the area, clearing forests, cutting down timber, ploughing land and growing rice and cotton. As the lower hills were taken over by Santhal settlers, the Paharias receded deeper into the Rajmahal hills. If Paharia life was symbolised by the hoe, which they used for shifting cultivation, the settlers came to represent the power of the plough. The battle between the hoe and the plough was a long one. |