Which of the following ways have helped in controlling epidemics in India after 1921 ?
(A) Better medical facilities
(B) Programmes for mass vaccination
(C) Improved Sanitation
(D) Inadequate means of transportation and communication
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A), (B) and (C) only
(A) Better medical facilities Correct. The principal reasons for the decline in the death rate after 1921 were increased levels of control over famines and epidemic diseases. Improvements in medical cures for these diseases helped to control epidemics.
(B) Programmes for mass vaccination Correct. Programmes for mass vaccination were another of the measures that helped to control epidemics.
(C) Improved Sanitation Correct. Efforts to improve sanitation also helped to control epidemics.
(D) Inadequate means of transportation and communication Incorrect. A lack of adequate means of transportation and communication was one of the factors responsible for famines, because food could not be moved to where it was needed. It made the loss of life worse; it did not help to control it.
NCERT (2025-26): “2.2 Size and Growth of India’s Population … Before 1931, both death rates and birth rates were high, whereas, after this transitional moment the death rates fell sharply but the birth rate only fell slightly. The principal reasons for the decline in the death rate after 1921 were increased levels of control over famines and epidemic diseases.…” “Improvements in medical cures for these diseases, programmes for mass vaccination, and efforts to improve sanitation helped to control epidemics. However, diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea and dysentery continue to kill people even today, although the numbers are nowhere as high as they used to be in the epidemics of the past.…” “…Famines were also a major and recurring source of increased mortality. Famines were caused by high levels of continuing poverty and malnutrition in an agroclimatic environment that was very vulnerable to variations in rainfall. Lack of adequate means of transportation and communication as well as inadequate efforts on the part of the state were some of the factors responsible for famines.…” |