Match List - I with List - II.
| List - I | List - II | ||
| (A) | Charles Spearman | (I) | Hierarchical model of Intelligence |
| (B) | Alfred Binet | (II) | Theory of Multiple Intelligence |
| (C) | Arthur Jensen | (III) | Two factor theory |
| (D) | Howard Gardner | (IV) | Uni factor theory |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
(A) Charles Spearman — this matches (III) Two factor theory. In 1927 Spearman proposed that intelligence consists of a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-factors).
(B) Alfred Binet — this matches (IV) Uni factor theory. Binet conceptualised intelligence as one similar set of abilities used for solving any problem; his theory is called the Uni or one factor theory.
(C) Arthur Jensen — this matches (I) Hierarchical model of Intelligence. Jensen placed intelligence at two levels: associative learning (Level I) and cognitive competence (Level II).
(D) Howard Gardner — this matches (II) Theory of Multiple Intelligence. Gardner described eight independent types of intelligence, such as linguistic, interpersonal and intrapersonal.
NCERT (2025-26): “Theories of Intelligence … Binet’s theory of intelligence was rather simple as it arose from his interest in differentiating more intelligent from less intelligent individuals. He, therefore, conceptualised intelligence as consisting of one similar set of abilities which can be used for solving any or every problem in an individual’s environment. His theory of intelligence is called Uni or one factor theory of intelligence. This theory came to be disputed when psychologists started analysing data of individuals, which was collected using Binet’s test. In 1927, Charles Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence employing a statistical method called factor analysis. He showed that intelligence consisted of a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-factors). The g-factor includes mental operations which are primary and common to all performances. In addition to the g-factor, he said that there are also many specific abilities. These are contained in what he called the s-factor. Excellent singers, architects, scientists, and athletes may be high on g-factor, but in addition to this, they have specific abilities which allow them to excel in their respective domains.…” “Theories of Intelligence … Arthur Jensen proposed a hierarchical model of intelligence consisting of abilities operating at two levels, called Level I and Level II. Level I is the associative learning in which output is more or less similar to the input (e.g., rote learning and memory). Level II, called cognitive competence, involves higher-order skills as they transform the input to produce an effective output.…” “Theory of Multiple Intelligences … Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. According to him, intelligence is not a single entity; rather distinct types of intelligences exist. Each of these intelligences are independent of each other.…” |