Two statements are given, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Assertion (A). Under socialist mode of production, labour becomes a commodity.
Reason (R). Workers can sell their labour power in the capitalist market to earn wages.

(A) is false but (R) is true

The correct answer is Option 4: Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion: Under socialist mode of production, labour becomes a commodity. – Incorrect. Labour becomes a commodity under the capitalist mode of production, where workers sell their labour power for wages. This is not a feature of socialism.

Reason: Workers can sell their labour power in the capitalist market to earn wages. – Correct. In a capitalist economy, workers who do not own the means of production sell their labour power to employers in exchange for wages.

NCERT: Under the capitalist mode of production, labour itself becomes a commodity, because workers must sell their labour power in the market to earn a wage. This gives rise to two basic classes – capitalists, who own the means of production (such as the factories), and workers, who sell their labour to the capitalists. The capitalist class is able to profit from this system by paying the workers less than the value of what they actually produce, and so extracting surplus value from their labour