Take the statements below to be true, even if they differ from known facts. Which of the conclusions follow logically from them?
Statements:
1. All lamps are gifts.
2. All clocks are gifts.
Conclusions:
I. Some lamps are clocks.
II. Some gifts are clocks.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Only conclusion II follows
A conclusion follows only if it is true in every diagram that fits the statements; each class named in a statement is taken to have members.
“All lamps are gifts”: the circle of lamps lies inside the circle of gifts
“All clocks are gifts”: the circle of clocks also lies inside the circle of gifts; nothing is said about lamps and clocks
Conclusion I: Some lamps are clocks. — Does not follow. Lamps and clocks both lie inside the gifts, but they may be different parts of the gifts, as in the diagram.
Conclusion II: Some gifts are clocks. — Follows. Every clock is a gift, so the clocks themselves are gifts that are clocks.