Take the statements below to be true, even if they differ from known facts. Which of the conclusions follow logically from them?
Statements:
1. All monks are thinkers.
2. All monks are healers.
Conclusions:
I. All thinkers are healers.
II. Some thinkers are not healers.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Either conclusion I or conclusion II follows
When two conclusions do not follow on their own, but in every diagram exactly one of them is true (such as “all X are Y” and “some X are not Y”), the answer is “either one or the other follows”.
“All monks are thinkers”: the circle of monks lies inside the circle of thinkers
“All monks are healers”: the circle of monks also lies inside the circle of healers; the thinkers who are not monks may or may not be healers
Conclusion I: All thinkers are healers. — Does not follow on its own. In case 2 some thinkers lie outside the healers, so it is false there.
Conclusion II: Some thinkers are not healers. — Does not follow on its own. In case 1 every thinker is a healer, so it is false there.
Either every thinker is a healer or at least one thinker is not; there is no third case. So in every diagram exactly one of I and II is true: either conclusion I or conclusion II follows.