Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II | ||
| (A) | Deviance | (I) | Interfering with person’s ability to carry out day to day activities |
| (B) | Distress | (II) | Different, extreme, unusual, even bizarre |
| (C) | Dysfunction | (III) | Unpleasant and upsetting to the person and to others |
| (D) | Danger | (IV) | Causing harm to the person or to others |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)
Most definitions of psychological disorders share four common features, the ‘four Ds’.
(A) Deviance — this matches (II) Different, extreme, unusual, even bizarre. Disorders are deviant: they depart from what is usual.
(B) Distress — this matches (III) Unpleasant and upsetting to the person and to others. Disorders are distressing to the person and to the people around her/him.
(C) Dysfunction — this matches (I) Interfering with person’s ability to carry out day to day activities. Disorders are dysfunctional: they interfere with the person’s ability to carry out daily activities in a constructive way.
(D) Danger — this matches (IV) Causing harm to the person or to others. Disorders are possibly dangerous to the person or to others.
NCERT (2025-26): “Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders … Still, most definitions have certain common features, often called the ‘four Ds’: deviance, distress, dysfunction and danger. That is, psychological disorders are deviant (different, extreme, unusual, even bizarre), distressing (unpleasant and upsetting to the person and to others), dysfunctional (interfering with the person’s ability to carry out daily activities in a constructive way), and possibly dangerous (to the person or to others).…” |