Read the passage and answer the following question:
Smoking also paves the way to hard drugs. Tobacco has been used by human beings for more than 400 years. It is smoked, chewed or used as a snuff. Tobacco contains a large number of chemical substances including nicotine, an alkaloid. Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline into blood circulation, both of which raise blood pressure and increase heart rate. Smoking is associated with increased incidence of cancers of lung, urinary bladder and throat, bronchitis, emphysema, coronary heart disease, gastric ulcer, etc. Tobacco chewing is associated with increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity. Smoking increases carbon monoxide (CO) content in blood and reduces the concentration of haem-bound oxygen. This causes oxygen deficiency in the body. Knowing the dangers of smoking and chewing tobacco, and its addictive nature, the youth and old need to avoid these habits. Any addict requires counselling and medical help to get rid of the habit.
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Tobacco chewing – Increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity
The passage states that “Tobacco chewing is associated with increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity.” It also keeps the effects of smoking (lung, urinary bladder and throat cancers, bronchitis, emphysema, etc.) apart from the effect of chewing tobacco.
Option (1) Adrenaline – Alkaloid present in tobacco — Incorrect. The alkaloid present in tobacco is nicotine. Adrenaline is a hormone that the adrenal gland releases when nicotine stimulates it.
Option (2) Emphysema – Disease linked with tobacco chewing — Incorrect. Emphysema is in the list of diseases linked with smoking. The one effect the passage links with chewing is cancer of the oral cavity.
Option (3) Nicotine – Alkaloid obtained from the coca plant — Incorrect. Nicotine is obtained from tobacco. The alkaloid of the coca plant, Erythroxylum coca, is cocaine (coca alkaloid).
Option (4) Tobacco chewing – Increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity — Correct. The passage links tobacco chewing with an increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity.