Match the LIST-I with LIST-II:
| LIST-I Terms | LIST-II Meanings | ||
| A. | Jins-i-kamil | I. | Non-resident Cultivators |
| B. | Muzarian | II. | Peasant |
| C. | Khud-Kashta | III. | Resident Cultivators |
| D. | Pahi-Kashta | IV. | Perfect crops |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A - IV, B - II, C - III, D - I
(A) Jins-i-kamil — this matches (IV) Perfect crops. These were crops such as cotton and sugarcane that brought in more revenue, so the Mughal state encouraged peasants to grow them.
(B) Muzarian — this matches (II) Peasant. Along with raiyat, it was the term most often used for a peasant in the Indo-Persian sources of the Mughal period.
(C) Khud-Kashta — this matches (III) Resident Cultivators. These peasants lived in the village where they held their lands.
(D) Pahi-Kashta — this matches (I) Non-resident Cultivators. They belonged to some other village but cultivated land elsewhere on a contract, by choice or because of hardship such as a famine.
NCERT (2025-26): “1.2 Peasants and their lands … The term which Indo-Persian sources of the Mughal period most frequently used to denote a peasant was raiyat (plural, riaya) or muzarian. In addition, we also encounter the terms kisan or asami. Sources of the seventeenth century refer to two kinds of peasants – khud-kashta and pahi-kashta. The former … were residents of the village in which they held their lands. The latter were non-resident cultivators who belonged to some other village, but cultivated lands elsewhere on a contractual basis.… 1.4 An abundance of crops … We often come across the term jins-i kamil (literally, perfect crops) in our sources. The Mughal state also encouraged peasants to cultivate such crops as they brought in more revenue. Crops such as cotton and sugarcane were jins-i kamil par excellence.…” |