Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II |
| (A) Raoult’s law | (p) ΔTb = Kbm |
| (B) Henry’s law | (q) π = CRT |
| (C) Elevation of boiling point | (r) ptotal = p10x1 + p20x2 |
| (D) Osmotic pressure | (s) p = KHx |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → A-r, B-s, C-p, D-q
(A) Raoult’s law — This matches (r) ptotal = p10x1 + p20x2. Each component’s partial vapour pressure is its pure vapour pressure times its mole fraction (p1 = p10x1, p2 = p20x2), and the total pressure is their sum.
(B) Henry’s law — This matches (s) p = KHx. The partial pressure of a gas above a solution is proportional to its mole fraction in the solution; KH is the Henry’s law constant.
(C) Elevation of boiling point — This matches (p) ΔTb = Kbm. The rise in boiling point is proportional to the molality of the solute; Kb is the molal elevation constant.
(D) Osmotic pressure — This matches (q) π = CRT. For dilute solutions the osmotic pressure is proportional to the molarity C at temperature T.
NCERT (2026-27 edition):
1.4.1 Vapour Pressure of Liquid- Liquid Solutions – “… The relationship is known as the Raoult’s law which states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in solution.”
1.3.2 Solubility of a Gas in a Liquid – “… The most commonly used form of Henry’s law states that “the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the solution” and is expressed as: p = KH x … Here KH is the Henry’s law constant.”
1.6.2 Elevation of Boiling Point – “Experiments have shown that for dilute solutions the elevation of boiling point (ΔTb) is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solute in a solution. … Here m (molality) is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent and the constant of proportionality, Kb is called Boiling Point Elevation Constant or Molal Elevation Constant (Ebullioscopic Constant).”
1.6.4 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure – “… For dilute solutions, it has been found experimentally that osmotic pressure is proportional to the molarity, C of the solution at a given temperature T.”