As per the Hierarchical Model given by Arthur Jensen, Level 1 is the __________ where output is similar to input.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Associative learning
Arthur Jensen proposed a hierarchical model of intelligence with abilities operating at two levels.
Option (1) Cognitive competence — Incorrect. This is Level II of Jensen’s model. It involves higher-order skills that transform the input to produce an effective output, so the output is not similar to the input.
Option (2) Problem solving ability — Incorrect. Solving a problem means working on the information given and producing something new from it, which is the higher-order skill of Level II, not Level I.
Option (3) Associative learning — Correct. Level I is the associative learning in which output is more or less similar to the input, as in rote learning and memory.
Option (4) Semantic learning — Incorrect. Jensen named the two levels associative learning and cognitive competence; semantic learning is not one of them.
NCERT (2025-26): “Theories of Intelligence … Arthur Jensen proposed a hierarchical model of intelligence consisting of abilities operating at two levels, called Level I and Level II. Level I is the associative learning in which output is more or less similar to the input (e.g., rote learning and memory). Level II, called cognitive competence, involves higher-order skills as they transform the input to produce an effective output.…” |