Choose the option that best transforms the given sentence from active…

The correct answer is Option (2) → Numerous middle-class families have been financially strained by the rise in consumption of materialistic goods.

Passive voice in the present perfect:

Change	Active	Passive	Why
Object becomes subject	numerous middle-class families	Numerous middle-class families	“Numerous middle-class families” moves to the front.
Tense kept	has strained	have been strained	Be + past participle in the same tense. Present perfect active: has/have + V3 (“has strained”). Present perfect passive: has/have + been + V3. The new subject “families” is plural, so “has” becomes have: “have been strained”.
Agent (by ...)	The rise in consumption of materialistic goods	by the rise in consumption of materialistic goods	The doer becomes “by the rise in consumption of materialistic goods”.
Full sentence	The rise in consumption of materialistic goods has financially strained numerous middle-class families.	Numerous middle-class families have been financially strained by the rise in consumption of materialistic goods.

The adverb "financially" stays before the participle.

Example: The old bridge has been repaired by the city council.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect?

Option 1: Numerous middle-class families were financially strained by the rise in consumption for materialistic goods. — Incorrect.

• Tense changed: "were strained" is the passive of the simple past, but the given sentence is in the present perfect.
• Wording changed: "consumption of" becomes "consumption for".

Option 3: Numerous middle class families find themselves financially strained by the rise in consumption of materialistic goods. — Incorrect.

• "Find themselves strained" has no be + past participle. "Families" is the doer of "find", so the sentence is active.
• The verb "find" also changes the meaning of the original.

Option 4: Consumption of materialistic goods and its rise has left numerous middle-class families financially strained. — Incorrect.

• "Has left ... strained" is still active: "consumption ... and its rise" is the subject and "families" the object.
• The subject is reworded, and there is no "by" phrase.