Choose the option that best transforms the given sentence from active…

The correct answer is Option (2) → Numerous middle-class families have been financially strained by the rise in consumption of materialistic goods.

Active	Passive
The rise in consumption of materialistic goods has financially strained numerous middle-class families.	Numerous middle-class families have been financially strained by the rise in consumption of materialistic goods.

Passive voice in the present perfect:

• Object becomes subject: "numerous middle-class families" moves to the front.
• Tense kept: be + past participle in the same tense.
  • Present perfect active: has/have + V3 ("has strained").
  • Present perfect passive: has/have + been + V3.
  • The new subject "families" is plural, so "has" becomes have: "have been strained".
• Agent (by ...): "by the rise in consumption of materialistic goods"; the adverb "financially" stays before the participle.
  Example: The old bridge has been repaired by the city council.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect?

Option 1: Numerous middle-class families were financially strained by the rise in consumption for materialistic goods. — Incorrect.

• Tense changed: "were strained" is the passive of the simple past, but the given sentence is in the present perfect.
• Wording changed: "consumption of" becomes "consumption for".

Option 3: Numerous middle class families find themselves financially strained by the rise in consumption of materialistic goods. — Incorrect.

• "Find themselves strained" has no be + past participle; "families" is the doer of "find", so the sentence is active.
• The verb "find" also changes the meaning of the original.

Option 4: Consumption of materialistic goods and its rise has left numerous middle-class families financially strained. — Incorrect.

• "Has left ... strained" is still active: "consumption ... and its rise" is the subject and "families" the object.
• The subject is reworded, and there is no "by" phrase.