Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
| LIST-I (Magnetic Material) | LIST-II (Examples) |
| A. Diamagnetic | I. Alnico |
| B. Paramagnetic | II. Nickel |
| C. Hard Ferromagnetic | III. Calcium |
| D. Soft Ferromagnetic | IV. Bismuth |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A - IV, B - III, C - I, D - II
Materials are classed by how they respond to a magnetic field; ferromagnets are further divided by how easily they lose their magnetisation.
(A) Diamagnetic — this matches (IV) Bismuth. Bismuth is weakly repelled by a magnet (negative susceptibility).
(B) Paramagnetic — this matches (III) Calcium. Calcium is weakly attracted by a magnet (small positive susceptibility).
(C) Hard Ferromagnetic — this matches (I) Alnico. Alnico keeps its magnetisation (high retentivity and coercivity), so it is used for permanent magnets.
(D) Soft Ferromagnetic — this matches (II) Nickel. Nickel is strongly magnetised but loses its magnetisation easily once the field is removed.
NCERT (2026-27):
Diamagnetism – “… Some diamagnetic materials are bismuth, copper, lead, silicon, nitrogen (at STP), water and sodium chloride.”
Paramagnetism – “… Some paramagnetic materials are aluminium, sodium, calcium, oxygen (at STP) and copper chloride.”
Ferromagnetism – “… In some ferromagnetic materials the magnetisation persists. Such materials are called hard magnetic materials or hard ferromagnets. Alnico, an alloy of iron, aluminium, nickel, cobalt and copper, is one such material.”
Ferromagnetism – “… On the other hand, there is a class of ferromagnetic materials in which the magnetisation disappears on removal of the external field. … Appropriately enough, such materials are called soft ferromagnetic materials. There are a number of elements, which are ferromagnetic: iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, etc.”