Which approach looks at human beings as beneficiaries of all developmental activities?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Welfare Approach
Option (1) Welfare Approach — Correct. It looks at human beings as beneficiaries or targets of all development activities. People are only passive recipients, and the government raises human development by spending more on welfare.
Option (2) Income Approach — Incorrect. It links human development to income: the higher the income, the higher the level of human development.
Option (3) Basic Needs Approach — Incorrect. Proposed by the ILO, it stresses the provision of six basic needs — health, education, food, water supply, sanitation and housing.
Option (4) Capability Approach — Incorrect. Associated with Prof. Amartya Sen, it sees building human capabilities in health, education and access to resources as the key to human development.
Note: This question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2026 on 24-05-2026 (Slot 1, same) and 13-05-2026 (Slot 2, similar), and in CUET (UG) 2025 on 26-05-2025 (Slot 1, same).
NCERT: Fundamentals of Human Geography — Chapter 3: Human Development, Table 3.1: Approaches to Human Development (2025-26)
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