Read the passage and answer the questions:
Globalization and change
Globalisation as a concept fundamentally deals with flows of various kinds — ideas moving from one part of the world to another, capital shunted between two or more places, commodities being traded across borders, and people moving in search of better livelihoods to different parts of the world. The crucial element is the ‘worldwide interconnectedness’ that is created and sustained as a consequence of these constant flows. If globalisation is about the flows of ideas, capital, commodities, and people, it is perhaps logical to ask if there is anything novel about this phenomenon. Globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of government to do what they do. All over the world, the old ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens. A part of the problem has to do with defining economic globalisation itself. The mention of economic globalisation draws our attention immediately to the role of international institutions like the IMF and the WTO and the role they play in determining economic policies across the world. While cultural homogenisation is an aspect of globalisation, the same process also generates precisely the opposite effect. It leads to each culture becoming more different and distinctive. This phenomenon is called cultural heterogenisation.
According to the passage, globalization leads to
(A) erosion of state capacity
(B) rise in health issues
(C) cultural heterogenisation
(D) movement of people across border
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A), (C) and (D) only
(A) erosion of state capacity Correct. “Globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity.”
(B) rise in health issues Incorrect. The consequences the passage gives are erosion of state capacity and cultural homogenisation and heterogenisation; health is not one of them.
(C) cultural heterogenisation Correct. The process also leads to each culture becoming more different and distinctive.
(D) movement of people across border Correct. Globalisation deals with flows, among them people moving in search of better livelihoods to different parts of the world.
Note: This passage is taken from the NCERT chapter ‘Globalisation’, its lines picked almost word for word from the sections on the concept of globalisation and its consequences. Know the chapter’s key terms by heart: heterogenisation, homogenisation, interconnectedness and the minimalist state all turn up in this one set.
NCERT (2025-26): “Concept of Globalisation … Since much of the usage tends to be imprecise, it becomes important to clarify what we mean by globalisation. Globalisation as a concept fundamentally deals with flows. These flows could be of various kinds — ideas moving from one part of the world to another, capital shunted between two or more places, commodities being traded across borders, and people moving in search of better livelihoods to different parts of the world. The crucial element is the ‘worldwide interconnectedness’ that is created and sustained as a consequence of these constant flows. Political Consequences … At the most simple level, globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of government to do what they do. All over the world, the old ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens.… Cultural Consequences … While cultural homogenisation is an aspect of globalisation, the same process also generates precisely the opposite effect. It leads to each culture becoming more different and distinctive. This phenomenon is called cultural heterogenisation.…” |