Which of the following is NOT an example of mass communication?

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → e-mail

Option (1) Radio — Mass communication (Incorrect). Radio broadcasts programmes of information, education and entertainment to the whole country, and with television it is termed mass media.

Option (2) Television — Mass communication (Incorrect). Television is the most effective audio-visual medium for disseminating information and educating the masses.

Option (3) Newspaper — Mass communication (Incorrect). A newspaper carries the same news to a very large number of readers; the chart of the means of communication lists it under mass.

Option (4) e-mail — Personal communication (Correct). E-mail is a message from one person to another. It is part of the personal communication system, where the internet enables the user to establish direct contact through e-mail. The chart lists it under personal means, with letters, telephone, telegram and fax.

Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2025 on 22-05-2025 (Slot 1).

NCERT (2025-26): “Personal Communication System … Among all the personal communication system internet is the most effective and advanced one. It is widely used in urban areas. It enables the user to establish direct contact through e-mail to get access to the world of knowledge and information. It is increasingly used for e-commerce and carrying out money transactions. The internet is like a huge central warehouse of data, with detailed information on various items. The network through internet and e-mail provides an efficient access to information at a comparatively low cost. It enables us with the basic facilities of direct communication.…”

“Mass Communication System … Radio broadcasting started in India in 1923 by the Radio Club of Bombay. Since then, it gained immense popularity and changed the socio-cultural life of people. Within no time, it made a place in every household of the country.…”

“Telecommunications … Radio and television also help to relay news, pictures, and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world and hence they are termed as mass media. They are vital for advertising and entertainment. Newspapers are able to cover events in all corners of the world.…”