Identify the correct statements regarding the various campaigns/movements of Mahatma Gandhi in India:
(A) In the Kheda Campaign, Gandhiji intervened in a labor dispute, demanding better working conditions for the textile mill workers.
(B) The Champaran Movement sought to obtain for the farmers, security of tenure and freedom to cultivate the crops of their choice.
(C) Non-Cooperation Movement was negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective.
(D) During the Civil Disobedience Movement, women did not participate significantly.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (B) and (C) only
(A) In the Kheda Campaign, Gandhiji intervened in a labor dispute, demanding better working conditions for the textile mill workers. Incorrect. The labour dispute of the textile mill workers was in Ahmedabad in 1918. In Kheda, the same year, Gandhiji joined the peasants in asking the state for the remission of taxes after their harvest failed.
(B) The Champaran Movement sought to obtain for the farmers, security of tenure and freedom to cultivate the crops of their choice. Correct. Gandhiji spent much of 1917 in Champaran in Bihar, where the indigo planters treated the peasants harshly, seeking security of tenure and the freedom to cultivate the crops of their choice.
(C) Non-Cooperation Movement was negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective. Correct. These are the words of Gandhiji’s American biographer Louis Fischer, who added that non-cooperation entailed denial, renunciation and self-discipline, and was training for self-rule.
(D) During the Civil Disobedience Movement, women did not participate significantly. Incorrect. The Salt March was the first nationalist activity in which women participated in large numbers. The socialist activist Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay had persuaded Gandhiji not to restrict the protests to men.
NCERT (2025-26): “2. The Making and Unmaking of Non-cooperation … Mahatma Gandhi was to spend much of 1917 in Champaran, seeking to obtain for the peasants security of tenure as well as the freedom to cultivate the crops of their choice. The following year, 1918, Gandhiji was involved in two campaigns in his home state of Gujarat. First, he intervened in a labour dispute in Ahmedabad, demanding better working conditions for the textile mill workers. Then he joined peasants in Kheda in asking the state for the remission of taxes following the failure of their harvest.… 2.1 Knitting a popular movement … Peasants, workers, and others interpreted and acted upon the call to ‘non-cooperate’ with colonial rule in ways that best suited their interests, rather than conform to the dictates laid down from above. ‘Non-cooperation,’ wrote Mahatma Gandhi’s American biographer Louis Fischer, ‘became the name of an epoch in the life of India and of Gandhiji. Non-cooperation was negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective. It entailed denial, renunciation, and self-discipline. It was training for self-rule.… 3.1 Dandi … Second, it was the first nationalist activity in which women participated in large numbers. The socialist activist Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay had persuaded Gandhiji not to restrict the protests to men alone.…” |