The relationship between planning and controlling is best described by:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Planning provides the basis for controlling, and controlling provides feedback for future planning
Option (1) Planning and controlling are unrelated managerial functions. — Incorrect. The two are so closely linked that they are called the inseparable twins of management. Neither works without the other.
Option (2) Controlling precedes planning in the management process. — Incorrect. Planning comes first, because it sets the standards. Without standards, controlling has nothing to measure performance against.
Option (3) Planning provides the basis for controlling, and controlling provides feedback for future planning — Correct. Planning sets the standards of performance, and these standards are the basis of controlling. Controlling then compares actual results with the standards and finds the deviations and their causes. That information helps managers make better plans the next time, so controlling gives feedback for future planning.
Option (4) Controlling has no impact on the planning process. — Incorrect. Lessons learnt from deviations are used to revise plans. So controlling does shape planning.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Relationship between Planning and Controlling Planning and controlling are inseparable twins of management. A system of control presupposes the existence of certain standards. These standards of performance which serve as the basis of controlling are provided by planning. Once a plan becomes operational, controlling is necessary to monitor the progress, measure it, discover deviations and initiate corrective measures to ensure that events conform to plans. …” |