Which of the following are parts of the Green Revolution?
(A) High Yield Variety (HYV) seeds
(B) Self-sufficiency in food grains
(C) Land reforms
(D) Fertilizers and pesticides
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (B), and (D) only
At independence Indian farms used traditional seeds and depended on the monsoon, and the country could not grow all the food grains it needed. The change came with high yielding variety (HYV) seeds of wheat and rice, which gave far larger crops, but only with fertiliser and pesticide in the correct quantities and a regular supply of water. The large increase in the production of food grains that followed is called the Green Revolution.
(A) High Yield Variety (HYV) seeds Part of it. HYV seeds were the heart of the Green Revolution. In its first phase (mid-1960s to mid-1970s) they were used mainly in the richer states and for wheat; in the second phase (mid-1970s to mid-1980s) they spread to more states and more crops.
(B) Self-sufficiency in food grains Part of it. This is what the Green Revolution achieved: the spread of its technology enabled India to become self-sufficient in food grains, so that it no longer depended on America or any other nation for its food. It is the result of the Green Revolution rather than one of its inputs, and it is counted here as a part of the movement.
(C) Land reforms Not a part of it. Land reforms, such as the abolition of intermediaries, land ceilings and the policy of ‘land to the tiller’, aimed at equity in landholding. They were a separate policy for agriculture, followed alongside the promotion of HYV seeds, not a component of the Green Revolution.
(D) Fertilizers and pesticides Part of it. HYV seeds required fertiliser and pesticide in the correct quantities, so these inputs spread together with the seeds; the farmers who gained needed the money to buy them as well as reliable irrigation.
NCERT (2025-26): “2.3 Agriculture You have learnt in Chapter 1 that during the colonial rule there was neither growth nor equity in the agricultural sector. The policy makers of independent India had to address these issues which they did through land reforms and promoting the use of ‘High Yielding Variety’ (HYV) seeds which ushered in a revolution in Indian agriculture.… The Green Revolution: … The stagnation in agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by the green revolution. This refers to the large increase in production of food grains resulting from the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds especially for wheat and rice. The use of these seeds required the use of fertiliser and pesticide in the correct quantities as well as regular supply of water; the application of these inputs in correct proportions is vital.… …In the second phase of the green revolution (mid-1970s to mid-1980s), the HYV technology spread to a larger number of states and benefited more variety of crops. The spread of green revolution technology enabled India to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains; India no longer had to be at the mercy of America, or any other nation, for meeting its food requirements.…” |