Griffith Taylor introduced_________ .
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Stop-and-Go Determinism
Griffith Taylor proposed a middle path between environmental determinism and possibilism and called it neo-determinism or stop and go determinism. Like traffic at a signal, people go ahead with development when nature permits and stop at its red signals; there is neither absolute necessity nor absolute freedom.
Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2023 on 20-06-2023 (Slot 1) and 13-06-2023 (Slot 3), and in CUET (UG) 2022 on 16-07-2022 (Slot 1).
NCERT (2025-26): “Naturalisation of Humans and Humanisation of Nature … A geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced another concept which reflects a middle path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism. He termed it as Neodeterminism or stop and go determinism. Those of you who live in cities and those who have visited a city, might have seen that traffic is regulated by lights on the cross-roads. Red light means ‘stop’, amber light provides a gap between red and green lights ‘to get set’ and green light means ‘go’. The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity (environmental determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom (possibilism). It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. They have to respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when nature permits the modifications. It means that possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the environment and there is no free run without accidents.…” |