Systematic Desensitization technique, given by Wolpe, is based on ___…

The correct answer is Option (1) → Principle of Reciprocal Inhibition

Option (1) Principle of Reciprocal Inhibition — Correct. In systematic desensitisation, Wolpe’s technique for phobias, the client is relaxed and then imagines anxiety-provoking situations, from the least to the most frightening. The principle at work is reciprocal inhibition: the presence of two mutually opposing forces at the same time inhibits the weaker force. Relaxation is built up first, so the mild anxiety of the imagined scene is overcome by it.

Option (2) Modelling — Incorrect. In modelling the client learns to behave in a certain way by observing a role model, and small changes towards the model’s behaviour are rewarded. It is a separate behavioural technique, not the basis of desensitisation.

Option (3) Positive Reinforcement — Incorrect. Positive reinforcement gives a pleasant consequence after a wanted behaviour so that it occurs more often, as when a mother cooks the child’s favourite dish whenever homework is done on time. Desensitisation rewards nothing; it pairs relaxation with an imagined fear.

Option (4) Aversive conditioning — Incorrect. Aversive conditioning is the repeated association of an undesired response with an aversive consequence, as when an alcoholic is given a mild electric shock while smelling alcohol. It makes a behaviour unpleasant; desensitisation removes a fear.