Which of the following is also called the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Law of Conservation of Energy

The correct answer is option 2. Law of Conservation of Energy.

The First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy, is a fundamental principle in physics that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. Instead, it can only change forms or be transferred from one object to another. This means that the total energy within a closed system remains constant over time.

The principle behind the First Law of Thermodynamics is that energy is a conserved quantity. It exists in various forms, such as kinetic energy (the energy of motion), potential energy (energy stored in an object's position or configuration), thermal energy (the energy associated with temperature), and others. When energy is transferred from one form to another or from one object to another, the total amount of energy in the system remains the same.

For example, if you have a closed system consisting of a hot object and a cold object in thermal contact, heat energy will flow from the hot object to the cold object until thermal equilibrium is reached. According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, the total amount of energy in the system (the sum of the thermal energy of the hot and cold objects) remains constant throughout this process, even though energy is transferred from one object to another.

The First Law of Thermodynamics is a foundational principle in the study of thermodynamics and has wide-ranging applications in fields such as engineering, chemistry, and environmental science. It provides insights into energy conservation, heat transfer, work done by and on systems, and many other phenomena involving energy transformations.