Match Column 1 with Column 2.
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1) Vaults | a) Foetal sex determination |
| 2) Amniocentesis | b) Prevent ovulation |
| 3) Lippes loop | c) Entry of sperm through cervix is blocked |
| 4) Oral pill | d) Non-medicated IUDs |
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b
(1) Vaults — this matches (c) Entry of sperm through cervix is blocked. Vaults, like diaphragms and cervical caps, are rubber barriers placed in the female reproductive tract. They cover the cervix during coitus, so sperms cannot pass through it.
(2) Amniocentesis — this matches (a) Foetal sex determination. The test studies foetal cells in the amniotic fluid. It is meant for genetic disorders, but it also reveals the sex of the foetus, so its misuse for sex determination is banned by law.
(3) Lippes loop — this matches (d) Non-medicated IUDs. An intra uterine device (IUD) is placed in the uterus. The Lippes loop releases no copper and no hormone, so it is a non-medicated IUD.
(4) Oral pill — this matches (b) Prevent ovulation. Pills contain small doses of progestogens or progestogen–estrogen combinations. They stop the release of the ovum, prevent implantation and change the cervical mucus.
NCERT Extract:
Population Stabilisation and Birth Control – “… Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are also barriers made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus. They prevent conception by blocking the entry of sperms through the cervix. … These Intra Uterine Devices are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20) (Figure 3.2). … Oral administration of small doses of either progestogens or progestogen–estrogen combinations is another contraceptive method used by the females. They are used in the form of tablets and hence are popularly called the pills. … They inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent/retard entry of sperms.”
Reproductive Health – Problems and Strategies – “… Statutory ban on amniocentesis for sex-determination to legally check increasing menace of female foeticides, massive child immunisation, etc., are some programmes that merit mention in this connection.”